Whether you’re buying land, a home, or a commercial building, one critical step often gets overlooked in the excitement of a real estate transaction — the property survey. But what exactly is a property survey, and why should you care about it? Let’s break it down in simple terms.
What Is a Property Survey?
A property survey is a detailed drawing or map that outlines the exact boundaries, dimensions, and physical features of a piece of real estate. Conducted by a licensed land surveyor, this professional document marks the corners of the property, identifies structures like buildings and fences, and highlights any easements or encroachments.
In essence, a survey shows you where your property begins and ends — and what is (or isn’t) on it.
What Does a Survey Show?
A typical property survey can include:
What Does a Survey Show?
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A typical property survey can include:
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Property boundaries with precise measurements.
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Location of buildings, driveways, fences, and other improvements.
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Easements (such as utility lines or rights of way).
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Encroachments — when a neighbor’s structure crosses onto your land (or vice versa).
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Zoning classifications and restrictions, in some cases.
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Floodplain information, depending on the location.
Why Is a Property Survey Important?
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Know What You’re Buying
When you’re purchasing property, a survey confirms exactly what land you are buying — and whether it matches what’s listed in the deed or described by the seller.
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Prevent Boundary Disputes
No one wants to find out after a purchase that the neighbor’s fence is actually on your land. A survey helps avoid costly disputes and gives both parties peace of mind.
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Understand Easements and Restrictions
Sometimes, utility companies or municipalities have a right to use part of your property. Surveys reveal these easements so there are no surprises later if, for example, the utility company needs access.
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Plan for Future Use
Thinking about building a garage, installing a fence, or adding an addition? Knowing where your boundaries are ensures you don’t accidentally build on a neighbor’s property — something that can be expensive to correct.
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Lender and Title Insurance Requirements
If you’re financing your purchase, lenders often require a property survey to ensure their investment is protected. Title insurance companies may also require a survey before issuing a policy.
When Should You Get a Survey?
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Before buying a property.
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Before selling — to avoid surprises that could delay or derail the sale.
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Before building new structures or making improvements.
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If boundaries are unclear or disputed.
How Much Does a Property Survey Cost?
The cost of a property survey can vary widely depending on:
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Property size and shape.
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Terrain (flat vs. hilly, wooded vs. cleared).
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Availability of existing records.
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Complexity (e.g., multiple structures, waterways).
Typical range: From a few hundred to several thousand dollars, depending on the factors above.
Final Thoughts
A property survey is an investment in peace of mind. Whether you’re buying, selling, or building, knowing the exact dimensions and limitations of your property can save you from legal headaches, neighbor disputes, and costly mistakes.